Andalusia state 

Andalusia nation

It is in particular regarded by the Arab international as Islamic Spain or Islamic Iberia, and it is an Islamic kingdom and civilization that existed within the European continent, in particular within the Iberian Peninsula area, that is Spain and Portugal these days, and while it flourished and set up its existence, its borders prolonged and reached Septimania, that is the southern regions of France these days, and that became inside the 8th century AD, but the name, in general, refers to the Iberian lands that the Muslims conquered, and that they remained below Islamic rule till they separated from the valuable administration and authority in the capital, Damascus, after that they separated from Baghdad, and within the period among the years 711 AD And 1492 AD, the Franks commenced to manipulate it, and the Muslims have been expelled from it, understanding that its borders throughout this era have been now not constant. Sometimes it expands and occasionally it contracts.

Establishment of the state of Andalusia

After the Muslims conquered it, it became divided into five primary administrative units, which blanketed Andalusia, Portugal, Galicia, Aragon, Castile, Leon, and Barcelona, in addition to the historical Septimania. The duration of the rule of Al-Walid bin Abd al-Malik, and after the Umayyad state collapsed, Abd al-Rahim bin Muawiyah took manipulate of it whilst the Abbasid state became installed, in which he hooked up the Emirate of Cordoba, which lasted one hundred and seventy-9 years, and then Abd al-Rahman worked to re-establish the Umayyad kingdom until it disintegrated into A organization of mini-states known as the Taifa states.

The Andalusian emirates and states succeeded, and have become a fertile destination for cultural exchange among Muslims and Christians in addition to the Jews on the only hand, and among the Berbers, Arabs, Franks, and Goths on the other hand, and with time this kind of cultures melted into one aggregate that made Andalusia awesome from the relaxation of the Islamic regions, but on Despite this, however, the Sharia and the Islamic technique was the primary supply of judiciary and resolving numerous disputes and conflicts, and Muslims have been not devoted to their views but rather allowed the Jews and Christians to consult their books and religions to clear up their issues via themselves, so they did not impose their evaluations.

The Fall of Andalusia

Despite the tremendous prosperity that Andalusia experienced, it became in sour conflict with a set of Christian kingdoms, in particular the northern ones, which finally caused the disintegration of the Islamic state and the status quo of a collection of Christian states and sects, and the final presence of Muslims in it changed into on the second one of January of the yr 1492 AD.; Where Abu Abdullah surrendered and handed over the reins of the metropolis to the Catholics.